Which type of skin cell is primarily responsible for the immune response?

Langerhans cells are specialized immune cells found in the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin. These cells play a crucial role in the body's immune response by acting as antigen-presenting cells. When pathogens breach the skin barrier, Langerhans cells capture and process these foreign substances and then migrate to the lymph nodes. Here, they present the antigens to T cells, thereby activating the adaptive immune response. This process is vital for defending the body against infections and ensuring that it can recognize and respond to previously encountered pathogens effectively.

In contrast, keratinocytes are the primary cells of the epidermis involved in forming a protective barrier, while melanocytes produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color and protection against ultraviolet radiation. Sebocytes are involved in the production of sebum, which helps keep the skin moisturized but does not directly participate in immune responses. Therefore, Langerhans cells stand out as the key players in the immune functions of the integumentary system.