What pigment provides protection from UV damage in the skin?

Melanin is the pigment responsible for providing protection from ultraviolet (UV) damage in the skin. It is produced by melanocytes, specialized cells located in the epidermis. The primary role of melanin is to absorb UV radiation, which helps prevent damage to DNA and reduces the risk of skin cancer. When skin is exposed to sunlight, melanocytes increase the production of melanin, leading to tanning as a natural defense mechanism against UV radiation.

Carotene, while present in the skin and contributing to its color, does not play a significant role in UV protection. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen and gives blood its red color; however, it is not involved in skin pigmentation related to UV protection. Cholesterol is a type of lipid that plays various roles in cellular function and membrane structure but does not function as a pigment in the skin. Therefore, melanin is distinct in its function of absorbing and mitigating the harmful effects of UV light.