What is the role of keratinocytes in the skin?

Keratinocytes play a crucial role in forming the protective barrier of the skin. These cells are the primary cell type found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Their main function is to produce keratin, a fibrous protein that provides durability and water-resistance to the skin. This keratinization process helps to create a tough, protective outer layer that shields underlying tissues from mechanical injury, pathogens, and the loss of water.

In addition to forming this protective barrier, keratinocytes also contribute to the immune response of the skin and participate in the healing process after injury. This multi-faceted role underscores their importance in maintaining skin integrity and homeostasis, making them essential for overall skin health.

While other cells in the skin contribute to functions like temperature regulation, the synthesis of melanin, and collagen production, keratinocytes are specifically responsible for establishing the barrier that prevents environmental damage and dehydration.