What is the primary purpose of nails on fingers and toes?

Nails primarily function as protective structures for the tips of fingers and toes. Their hard, keratinized composition provides a barrier that shields the sensitive tissues underneath from injury and damage, which is especially important since these areas are frequently exposed to potential harm during daily activities. The presence of nails also aids in grasping objects, enhancing the dexterity of fingers, and contributing to the overall functionality of the hands and feet.

While nails can play secondary roles in enhancing sensitivity and contributing to grip, their main evolutionary and physiological purpose is protection. Nails do not absorb nutrients nor do they increase blood flow; these functions are associated with other biological structures and systems in the body.