What is the condition called when the skin appears yellow due to high bilirubin levels?

The condition where the skin appears yellow due to high levels of bilirubin is known as jaundice. This discoloration occurs when bilirubin, a yellow compound that results from the breakdown of red blood cells, accumulates in the bloodstream. Normally, bilirubin is processed by the liver and excreted in bile. When the liver is unable to effectively process bilirubin due to various conditions, such as liver disease, hemolytic disorders, or bile duct obstruction, the excess bilirubin deposits in the skin and mucous membranes, resulting in that characteristic yellow coloration.

In contrast, erythema refers to redness of the skin, often due to increased blood flow or inflammation; cyanosis indicates a bluish tint to the skin due to low oxygen levels; and chloasma, sometimes referred to as the "mask of pregnancy," pertains to brown pigmentation often seen on the face, typically induced by hormonal changes. The specific condition described in the question distinctly differentiates jaundice as the correct answer due to its association with elevated bilirubin levels.