What amino acid is used by melanocytes to synthesize melanin?

Melanocytes use the amino acid tyrosine to synthesize melanin, the pigment responsible for coloration in skin, hair, and eyes. The process begins with tyrosine being converted into DOPA (dihydroxyphenylalanine) through the action of the enzyme tyrosinase. DOPA is then further oxidized to produce melanin through a series of enzymatic reactions.

Understanding the role of tyrosine in melanin production is crucial, as it highlights the biochemical pathways that contribute to pigmentation. The significance of this process also extends to conditions such as albinism, where there is a lack of melanin due to a deficiency in the function of enzymes involved in this pathway. This emphasizes tyrosine's importance as the precursor for melanin synthesis, setting it apart from other amino acids listed in the options.